The document explores how low- and middle-income countries are working to include forcibly displaced populations in their social protection systems. It assesses legal (de jure) and actual (de facto) coverage in twelve countries, identifies barriers to access, and provides policy recommendations for inclusion. The paper stresses the importance of collaboration between humanitarian and development actors to address long-term displacement and improve the self-reliance of displaced individuals. Key challenges include data gaps, funding limitations, and political obstacles, with a focus on sustainable solutions and better integration of displaced persons into national frameworks.